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Cardiff Castle: Over 2,000 Years of History in the Heart of Wales
- Jenn & Leon
- May 6, 2024
- 13 min read
Updated: Sep 1
Step inside one of the oldest castles in the UK, with a history spanning over 2,000 years!
Prepare to be awestruck by Cardiff Castle, a majestic fortress with a story as rich as its architecture.
From Roman beginnings to a lavish Victorian transformation, this castle boasts a history as dramatic as the battles it has witnessed.
We love exploring castles, and we were really happy to add Cardiff Castle to our ever-growing list.
This blog post is your one-stop guide as we delve into its fascinating past, highlight must-see features with stunning photos, include interesting facts, and provide all the practical information you need for your visit, including opening times and ticket details.
We also explore the surrounding Bute Park and its incredible arboretum. There is so much to the story here. Let's get to it!
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Our Cardiff Castle Highlights
As two passionate history fans, exploring the castles of the UK has always been something we have been keen to do.
That being said, that had all pretty much happened in England to date. Wales had always been high on the list, especially given its fascinating Celtic history, but we had never really had the chance to go there - until now.
So, of course, what better way to kick off a road trip around Wales than with a visit to its perhaps most famous pride and joy, the incredible Cardiff Castle!
A lifelong ambition fulfilled, we came here with a huge sense of anticipation, and we were not disappointed in the slightest.
This is a magnificent castle and one that we will not forget in a hurry!
The first of 4 Roman forts was established in Cardiff. It was strategically built alongside the River Taff, which supplied its moat and provided easy access to the sea.
Around 270 AD, the basis of the Castle’s layout today was built in stone, modified over the years as it defended the city from invasion.
It now stands as one of the most important structures in Wales and is a fascinating beacon of Roman, Welsh, and English history in the area.
With a large itinerary for the day, we got to the castle early and had very limited time.
We were only able to explore the inner castle and exterior area (Bute Park) and were desperately disappointed not to be able to go inside.
We will save that for another time! If you choose to, you can get a ticket to explore the walls of the castle, the Norman keep, its museum, and perhaps its most impressive feature, the Victorian Apartments.
It was a cloudy and windy day, as you can probably tell from the photos, but we still really enjoyed our time wandering through the free parts of the grounds.
The Welsh Dragon, the main castle entrance gate, and the keep on the mound are excellent features to check out.
The paid area is well sectioned off, but you can still get close enough for some good shots. Once you get past the mound of the keep, you will exit to Bute Park.
⪢ The Surrounding Gardens (Bute Park)
Bute Park is a large park (around 130 acres) located right next to Cardiff Castle. It used to be the private pleasure garden of the castle, but now it's a public park and considered the "green heart" of Cardiff.
It's a Grade 1 listed historic park with a wealth of archaeological and nature conservation interest, including a magnificent arboretum containing over 3000 rare and beautiful trees, some of which are "champion trees" - the biggest of their species in the UK.
There are remains of a medieval Blackfriars Friary within the park, and it also has a visitor center, cafes, toilets, a woodland play trail, and fitness equipment.
There is plenty to enjoy here, and when you exit the east side of Cardiff Castle, you will find yourself in the park itself.
We crossed over the River Taff and were thoroughly impressed by the arboretum, which kind of reminded us of the mangroves in Langkawi (Malaysia). They are spectacular!
We also checked out the Gorsedd Stone Circle, which may look old, but was only installed in 1978. It was moved to Bute Park from Gorsedd (hence its name) to celebrate Cardiff hosting the Welsh National Eisteddfod.
This 8-day festival is considered to be the largest music and poetry festival in Europe! We did not know this at the time, but as two poets who met each other through our poetry, it was super cool to find this out afterward.
Especially as Jenn was particularly drawn to stand right in the middle of it on the large central stone overlooking the castle walls!
You can find more information on the official Bute Park website. Read on for more on the history of the castle and some impressive facts!
Plus, find out all you need to know about opening times, admission prices, and how to get there.
The History of Cardiff Castle
⪢ One of the UK's Oldest Surviving Castles
Cardiff Castle, standing tall in the heart of Wales's capital city, has a rich and storied history dating back over 2,000 years.
Its origins are traced to the Roman occupation of Britain, where a fort was constructed on the site around 55 AD.
Over the centuries, the castle evolved, with significant developments occurring during the Norman period when William the Conqueror's nephew, Robert Fitzhamon, built the first stone keep in the late 11th century.
⪢ Medieval Conflicts
Cardiff Castle has indeed witnessed its fair share of attacks and conquests throughout its history.
It was repeatedly involved in clashes between the Anglo-Normans and the Welsh during the 12th century.
A significant event occurred in 1404 when Owain Glyndŵr, a Welsh leader, successfully stormed and captured the castle during his rebellion.
⪢ English Civil War
During the English Civil War (1642-1651), the castle changed hands twice.
Royalist forces under the Marquess of Hertford captured the castle in a surprise attack, then Parliamentary forces and local troops quickly besieged and recaptured the castle within hours.
While these are the most prominent instances, it's likely the castle faced other attacks or attempts at conquest throughout its long history, particularly during periods of regional conflict.
⪢ Noble Ownership & Victorian Transformation
Subsequent generations of noble families, including the de Clare and Herbert families, expanded and fortified the castle, shaping its imposing appearance.
However, it was during the Victorian era that Cardiff Castle underwent its most significant transformation.
In the 19th century, the castle's owner, the Third Marquess of Bute, commissioned renowned architect William Burges to redesign and refurbish the castle interiors, resulting in the creation of opulent and fantastical rooms that are now celebrated as some of the finest examples of High Victorian Gothic architecture in the world.
The castle remained in the Bute family until the 20th century, when it was gifted to the city of Cardiff.
⪢ The End of the Moat
In the mid-1800s, Isambard Kingdom Brunel came up with plans to divert the River Taff to the west, away from its old course around Cardiff Castle.
Having supplied the moat for over a thousand years, this move was considered to have marked the end of the defensive era of the castle.
The river now flows next to Cardiff Arms Park and the Cardiff Principality Stadium. It also allowed Cardiff Central Station to be built in an area that had previously been prone to flooding.
⪢ Air Raid Shelter to Modern-Day Attraction
Cardiff Castle also played a role in World War II, with its walls offering shelter to citizens during air raids.
Following the 4th Marquess's death, the castle and its parkland were gifted to the city of Cardiff.
For a period, it housed the National College of Music and Drama, but since 1974, it has become one of Wales' most popular tourist attractions, offering visitors a glimpse into Roman, Norman, and Victorian eras within its walls.
10 Interesting Facts About Cardiff Castle
1. Roman Beginnings
The site boasts a Roman fort built around AD 55, making it nearly 2,000 years old!
Four separate forts were built by the Romans over two centuries, laying the foundation for the later castle.
2. Norman Transformation
Following the Norman conquest in 1066, a motte and bailey castle was constructed, solidifying Cardiff as the center of the Marcher Lordship of Glamorgan.
3. Medieval Makeover
Throughout the Middle Ages, the castle underwent numerous transformations, including the addition of a stone shell keep and extensive defensive walls.
4. Victorian Extravaganza
In the 19th century, the 3rd Marquess of Bute embarked on a grand project with architect William Burges, transforming the castle into a lavish Victorian Gothic mansion.
This resulted in the opulent interiors with murals, stained glass, and intricate carvings we see today.
5. World War II Refuge
During the war, the castle's tunnels provided shelter to citizens during air raids.
These tunnels, with dormitories, kitchens, and first-aid facilities, are now accessible as part of the castle tour.
6. Giant Rugby Ball
In 2015, during the Rugby World Cup, a giant rugby ball was cleverly installed into the castle wall, symbolizing Wales' passion for the sport.
7. Ghosts and Legends
The castle is shrouded in tales of ghosts and legends, including the "Black Cat" said to roam the grounds and the "Archer" haunting the Clock Tower.
8. Movie Magic
The castle has served as a filming location for various movies and TV shows, including "Doctor Who" and "Torchwood."
9. Architectural Mashup
The castle is a unique blend of architectural styles, showcasing Roman, Norman, Medieval, and extravagant Victorian Gothic elements.
10. National Treasure
Today, Cardiff Castle is one of Wales's most popular tourist attractions, offering a fascinating glimpse into its rich and layered history.
Ticket Prices, Opening Times & Best Time to Visit Cardiff Castle
⪢ Ticket Prices
Entry to Cardiff Castle includes access to the grounds, Norman keep, Roman wall walk, Firing Line Military Museum, and the ornate Castle Apartments (unless otherwise stated).
● Adults (18+): £16.50
● Children (5–16): £11.00
● Students/Seniors (60+): £14.50
● Family Ticket (2 adults + 2 children): £48.00
● Under 5s: Free
● Castle Key (annual pass for locals): Free with proof of Cardiff residency
Tickets can be booked online at cardiffcastle.com or purchased at the gate. Guided tours of the Castle Apartments sometimes incur an additional charge.
Prices are correct at the time of writing (May 2025). Please check the official website below for the most up-to-date information.
All prices are in British Pounds. Convert your currency here.
⪢ Opening Times
● March – October: Daily, 10:00 AM – 6:00 PM (last entry 5:00 PM)
● November – February: Daily, 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM (last entry 4:00 PM)
● Closed: Only on 25–26 December and 1 January
Opening hours may vary slightly during events or national holidays.
⪢ Best Time to Visit
● Spring (April–June) and autumn (September–October) offer fewer crowds, mild weather, and great light for photography
● Summer (July–August) is peak season—lively but busy, especially during events or school holidays
● Winter months are quieter, with reduced hours, but a more intimate feel
● Best time of day: Arrive right at opening (10 AM) for peaceful exploration, or after 3 PM to avoid peak hours
The Castle Apartments and clock tower are highlights—if you're into interiors, a guided tour is well worth it.
Note: If you currently live or work in Cardiff, then you are entitled to your very own Key to the Castle with FREE admission to this world-class heritage attraction for 3 years.
How to Get to Cardiff Castle
Cardiff Castle is conveniently located in the heart of Cardiff city center, making it easily accessible by various modes of transportation.
Visitors can choose from several options to reach the castle:
By Walking
If you are already in the city center, walking to Cardiff Castle is often the most straightforward option.
The castle is centrally located, making it easily reachable on foot from many nearby attractions, hotels, and shopping areas.
By Cycling
Cardiff is a cycle-friendly city, and cycling to Cardiff Castle is a popular option if you enjoy exploring by bike.
The city center has dedicated cycle lanes, and bicycle parking is available near the castle entrance.
By Taxi or Ride-Sharing
Taxis and ride-sharing services operate throughout Cardiff, providing a convenient door-to-door option if you prefer not to use public transport or walk.
Taxis can drop you off near the castle entrance.
By Car
While parking in the city center can be limited, there are several public car parks within walking distance of Cardiff Castle, generally charging around £6 per hour.
They are well-signposted and easy to access.
By Public Transport
Cardiff has an extensive public transport network, including buses and trains.
Cardiff Central Railway Station is just a short walk from the castle, making it a convenient option for those arriving by train.
Additionally, numerous bus routes serve the city center, with several bus stops within walking distance of the castle.
⪢ Consider Taking a Tour
Experience the rich history and stunning architecture of Cardiff Castle on a guided tour, where you can explore its medieval towers and beautiful gardens, plus other attractions in the city.
⪢ Contact Information for Cardiff Castle
● Address: Castle St, Cardiff CF10 3RB
● Email: cardiffcastle@cardiff.gov.uk
● Phone: 02920878100
● Website: cardiffcastle.com
⪢ Explore Hotels in Cardiff and Beyond
Looking for a place to stay nearby? Browse Cardiff hotel deals below to find great rates for an overnight stay.
Our map offers a user-friendly interface that allows you to zoom in and out, providing a comprehensive view of the area and enabling you to identify the most convenient hotel options based on your current location or desired destination.
Tips for Visiting Cardiff Castle
⪢ Arrive Early to Beat the Crowds
Cardiff Castle opens at 10:00 AM, and the first hour is usually the quietest—perfect for photos, peaceful walks, and avoiding school groups or tour crowds.
⪢ Don’t Miss the View from the Norman Keep
Climb the central motte-and-bailey keep for sweeping views over Cardiff city centre, Bute Park, and the surrounding walls. The steps are steep but worth it.
⪢ Consider a Guided Tour
While general admission gets you into most areas, a guided Castle Apartments tour adds fascinating insight into the lavishly decorated rooms, wartime use, and quirky Victorian Gothic design.
⪢ Dress for the Weather
Much of the site is outdoors—including the keep and battlements—so bring comfortable shoes and a jacket. The Welsh weather can change quickly!
⪢ Use the Free Multimedia Guide
Download the official Cardiff Castle app or pick up a map at the entrance for self-guided info. It’s handy for understanding the site’s Roman origins, medieval defences, and WWII air raid shelter use.
⪢ Pop into the Gift Shop & Café
The castle shop has some unique Welsh souvenirs, and the café near the entrance is a great stop for local cakes or a warm drink, especially in cooler months.
⪢ Locals Go Free!
If you live in Cardiff, apply for a Castle Key to get free entry all year round (proof of residency required).
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Watch on YouTube: Discover Wales
We set out to explore and find must-visit destinations in Wales, UK.
Our itinerary is packed with excitement, history, and epic coastal views as we explore by car the majestic castles of Caernarfon, Cardiff, Swansea, Conwy, Beaumaris, and the mysterious White Castle on our road trip through Wales.
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Our Experience Rating:
Cardiff Castle
We would perhaps have given a higher rating had we had time to go inside, but even still, we would recommend a visit based on what we saw and the experience we had.
There is plenty to see here, even if you do not want to spend anything, and it is a nice walk inside, where you are able, and outside in Bute Park. The street with the famous animal wall, too, of course.
Parking is easy to get to and is located in the heart of the city. There are plenty of other things you can do around the castle if you are going for a longer day out.
Our castle ratings have pretty high standards, and given we have been to the likes of Balmoral and Arundel, we feel that 3.5 is still pretty respectable!
Take nothing away from Cardiff Castle, it is very inspiring and wonderfully imposing! Feel free to let us know about your experience in the comments below... would you rate it higher?
FAQ: Cardiff Castle – Exploring Over 2,000 Years of Welsh History
Where is Cardiff Castle located?
Cardiff Castle is located right in the city center of Cardiff, the capital of Wales. It’s easily walkable from the train station, shopping districts, and the River Taff.
What is the historical significance of Cardiff Castle?
Cardiff Castle has a 2,000-year history, beginning as a Roman fort, later becoming a Norman stronghold, and finally transformed into a lavish Victorian Gothic mansion by the Marquess of Bute.
What are the opening hours and entry fees?
● Open daily, typically from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM (last entry 4:00 PM)
● Entry fee applies for full access to the Castle Apartments, Norman Keep, and wartime shelters
● Discounts for children, students, and families
● Castle grounds only tickets are available at a reduced rate
What can I see during a visit?
● The dramatic Norman Keep
● Ornate Castle Apartments with themed rooms (Arab Room, Banqueting Hall, Library)
● Underground WWII air raid shelters
● Original Roman wall sections
● Panoramic views from the towers
● An immersive audio or guided tour (recommended)
Are guided tours available?
Yes. You can join guided tours of the Castle Apartments (included or upgrade option) or explore with an audio guide or a self-led trail.
How long should I plan for my visit?
A full visit takes around 2 to 3 hours, including climbing the keep, viewing the mansion rooms, and exploring the grounds.
Is the castle family-friendly?
Very much so! Children enjoy the towers, spiral staircases, war shelters, and dressing up in the visitor center. Seasonal events and family trails often run during school holidays.
Is Cardiff Castle accessible for those with limited mobility?
The grounds and interpretation center are accessible, but the Keep and Mansion rooms involve steps and uneven floors. Accessibility guides and assistance are available at the entrance.
Are there facilities on-site?
Yes. You’ll find toilets, a gift shop, and a café. The castle also hosts events, concerts, and reenactments throughout the year.
Is Cardiff Castle worth visiting?
Absolutely. It’s a rich blend of Roman, medieval, and Victorian history right in the heart of a modern capital, making it a must-visit for both casual tourists and history buffs alike.
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Such a stunning country. We miss it!