Stonehenge: history, facts, and things to know before you visit
Updated: May 4
Nestled amidst the picturesque English countryside in Wiltshire lies one of the world's most enigmatic and awe-inspiring ancient monuments; Stonehenge. Standing tall on Salisbury Plain, steadfast for thousands of years, this prehistoric site continues to captivate visitors from around the globe. Join us on a virtual journey as we explore the wonders and many mysteries of Stonehenge.
Find out how to get to the Stonehenge, a bit of its history, the things you need to know before visiting, and our experience rating.
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In London? Get a Stonehenge Tour direct from the city with Klook
● Uncover the secrets of Stonehenge and learn about its fascinating history and purpose.
● Customize your experience by adding visits to other famous sites like Windsor Castle, Bath, Oxford, or Lacock.
● Choose from various tour options: ticket-only, guided coach tours, small group tours, or private tours.
Our Stonehenge highlights
We visited Stonehenge on Jenn's second visit to England, driving to the magnificent city of Bath first, before stopping by Stonehenge on our way back to what was then our home in Bedford. Stonehenge had long been a place Jenn had wanted to visit in her life, and we were both super excited to visit this UNESCO site together, one of the oldest and most famous in the world. Technically it is not classed as an ancient wonder but many people, Jenn and I included, certainly think it should be.
As we approached the windy Salisbury Plain, anticipation filled the air between us. The moment Stonehenge came into view, time seemed to stand still; it is a fascinating glimpse into the past here. The grandeur of this Neolithic marvel, composed of colossal Sarsen standing stones, still leaves us in awe. Its history spans over 5,000 years, and as we stepped foot on the hallowed ground, we couldn't help but wonder about the stories held within these ancient stones. Unfortunately we were unable to go to the centre, as it had been sealed off from the public due to vandalism and erosion, but nonetheless the view from the outer walkway is still spectacular.
One of the enduring enigmas surrounding Stonehenge is how such immense stones were transported and erected by a civilization predating modern technology. We circled the monument, both stopping for photos, reading information signs and marveling at the precision of its construction. The colossal sarsen stones, weighing up to 25 tons, were carefully arranged in a circular formation, with equally impressive lintels on top. The sight was a testament to the engineering prowess of our ancestors.
One can only imagine how even more magnificent this site would have been when it was first constructed. The trilithon structures (consisting of two large vertical stones supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top) would have been complete all the way around the entire circle, along with a smaller inner circle of Sarsen stones. Such a feat would be impressive by todays standards, let alone 5,000 years ago. The construction must have been a monumental effort.
Stonehenge's purpose has long been a subject of speculation, and it is this very mystery, along with its feats of engineering, that has put it on the world stage. It has fascinated both historians and engineers alike for thousands of years, and although we may be edging closer to an answer, many questions still remain.
Many theories suggest its association with celestial events, including solstices and equinoxes. Witnessing the alignment of the stones during the summer solstice, when the sun rises precisely over the Heel Stone, is a sight that evokes a sense of deep spirituality. The notion that our ancestors possessed profound astronomical knowledge is a humbling thought.
Professor Timothy Darvill, from Bournemouth University, believes that the site was created based on a solar year of 365.25 days to help people keep track of days, weeks and months.
"Such a solar calendar was developed in the eastern Mediterranean in the centuries after 3000 BC and was adopted in Egypt as the Civil Calendar around 2700 BC and was widely used at the start of the Old Kingdom about 2600 BC. The proposed calendar works in a very straightforward way. Each of the 30 stones in the sarsen circle represents a day within a month, itself divided into three weeks each of 10 days''
The distinctive stones in the circle mark the start of each week and the design also reflects a leap day every four years - marked by the four station stones outside the sarsen circle, of which there are now only two that remain.
The logic seems to make sense to us, but of course, we are no experts. Either way, Stonehenge offers an enlightening experience, full of intrigue and mystery. Even if we do figure out the purpose of the site, no-one has been able to get close to how they built it.
The newly constructed visitor center, located a shuttle bus ride away, provides valuable insights into the monument's history, its significance, and the mysteries surrounding it. Informative exhibits, multimedia presentations, and interactive displays engage visitors in a captivating exploration of Stonehenge's past and present. Be sure to check that out on your visit, and note that you have to walk through it to get to the shuttle bus anyway.
Preserving Stonehenge for future generations is of utmost importance. Efforts have clearly been made to protect the site from erosion, by limiting visitor access to specific areas, and promoting sustainable tourism practices. When Leon had visited previously, he had been able to freely go to the centre, but as mentioned earlier this is no longer an option (although it is possible to make special, supervised requests). Walking along the designated boardwalk paths surrounding Stonehenge, we actually found that we were quite grateful that this respect is being shown toward this sacred place, allowing its mystique and energy to endure for future generations.
While Stonehenge is undeniably the star of the show, the surrounding landscape holds its own allure. The expansive Salisbury Plain, dotted with ancient burial mounds and earthworks, provides a glimpse into the rich heritage of the area. Exploring nearby Avebury, home to the largest stone circle in Europe, is a delightful extension of the Stonehenge experience. Excavations continue to this day, and no doubt this area will continue to attract attention, and rightly so!
This magnificent castle emanates beauty both inside and out! A true English gem boasting almost a thousand years of history. Will you visit?
The history of Stonehenge
The history of Stonehenge spans some 5,000 years, and its origins and purpose remain shrouded in mystery to this day. Scholars and historians continue to debate the different phases of the sites' past, and theories surrounding this iconic monument continue to come forward. Perhaps we may never know! Here are a few key points we picked up on at the visitors center:
⪢ Prehistoric Origins
The construction of Stonehenge began around 3,000 BCE during the Late Neolithic period. The earliest phase, known as Stonehenge I, consisted of a circular ditch and bank enclosure with timber posts. The purpose of this early structure is still debated, with theories ranging from a ceremonial site to an astronomical observatory.
⪢ Stonehenge II (circa 2,500 BCE)
During Stonehenge II, the iconic stone structure we recognize today started taking shape. Enormous sarsen stones, weighing up to 25 tons, were transported from Marlborough Downs, approximately 20 miles (32 km) north of Stonehenge. These stones were arranged in a circle and capped with horizontal lintels, called trilithons, forming the outer circle and horseshoe shape that we see today.
⪢ Stonehenge III (Circa 2,400–2,200 BCE)
The final phase, Stonehenge III, saw the addition of smaller bluestones from the Preseli Hills in southwest Wales, over 150 miles (240 km) away. We still have no idea how these bluestones were transported, and exactly why such a feat was undertaken. They were placed inside the outer sarsen circle and must have been of huge significance for the builders to have gone to such lengths to procure them. Some theories suggest that the bluestones were believed to have healing properties, while others propose an association with ancestral or spiritual significance.
⪢ Theories on Purpose
Numerous theories exist regarding Stonehenge's purpose. Astronomical alignments are a common hypothesis, with Stonehenge's alignment to the summer solstice being particularly significant. The monument's axis aligns with the solstice sunrise, and during this time, sunlight shines through the entrance and illuminates the central altar stone.
⪢ Burial Ground & Ritual Site
Stonehenge is believed to have also served as a burial ground. Excavations around the monument have revealed human remains, cremated bones, and grave goods, suggesting its use for funerary rituals and ancestor worship. The site may have also been used for ceremonies, gatherings, and religious practices throughout its history.
⪢ Abandonment & Preservation
After several centuries of use, Stonehenge was gradually abandoned and fell into disrepair. Over time, it suffered damage from natural forces and human interference. In the 20th century, efforts were made to preserve and restore the monument. Stonehenge, along with the surrounding landscape, was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986, the year Leon was born.
⪢ Modern Research and Interpretation
Ongoing research, archaeological studies, and technological advancements have shed light on Stonehenge's history. Non-invasive techniques such as ground-penetrating radar and laser scanning have revealed hidden features and provided insights into the monument's construction and landscape.
Read on for more information on how to get there, other things to do in the area and our Stonehenge experience rating.
Things to know before visiting Stonehenge, opening hours and admission fees
Here are a few important things that we think you should know to help you have a great experience at Stonehenge:
⪢ Plan your visit in advance
Stonehenge attracts a large number of visitors, especially during peak times. It is advisable to book your tickets online and plan your visit well in advance to secure your preferred time slot.
⪢ Opening times
These times are subject to change, especially due to weather, so please do double check with the visitor center prior to visiting. Stonehenge is open all year round, except for Christmas Day.
April 1st - September 30th: Monday to Sunday: 9:30 am to 7:00 pm (last entry at 6:00 pm)
October 1st - March 31st: Monday to Sunday: 9:30 am to 5:00 pm (last entry at 3:00 pm)
⪢ Best time to visit
Consider visiting during off-peak times if you can. Stonehenge tends to be less busy early in the morning or later in the afternoon compared to the middle of the day. At its peak in 2019, there were over 1.6 million visitors over the course of the year. Numbers have yet to recover since the Covid pandemic, but are expected to rise again in 2023.
⪢ Admission prices
At time of writing (April 2024), prices are as follows, and do also include the shuttle to and from the visitor center:
Adult (18+): £28
Child (5-17): £16.50
Senior (65+): £25
Student (16-18): £25
Family ticket (2 adults up to 3 children): £72.50
Prices in GBP. Convert your currency here.
There are various price options which include donations, check them out on the official Stonehenge website.
You can also get a year-round English Heritage membership for £69, which gives you unlimited entry to Stonehenge and over 400 other historic sites across England.
⪢ Dress appropriately
The weather in England can be highly unpredictable, so it's a good idea to dress in layers and bring appropriate clothing for the prevailing conditions. Comfortable walking shoes are also recommended, as you will be exploring the site on foot.
⪢ The Visitor Center
The newly constructed visitor center offers valuable information about Stonehenge's history, exhibits, and interactive displays. Take the time to explore the center before or after your visit to the monument to enhance your understanding and appreciation of the site.
⪢ Be prepared for limited access
While visitors can walk around the outer perimeter of Stonehenge, access to the inner circle is restricted as mentioned earlier. However, during special occasions like the summer solstice, there may be organized events that grant access to the inner circle—check the English Heritage website for details. You are also able to book an inner circle tour or even a night visit, but this must be done in advance, there is limited availability, and it is not available on the day.
⪢ Visit responsibly
Stonehenge holds spiritual and cultural significance to many people. Respect the tranquility of the site, maintain a peaceful demeanor, and avoid any activities that may disrupt the experience of others or compromise the monument's integrity.
⪢ Weather and Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit is in the summer months, between June and August, when rain and wind is minimal. Do bear in mind that this is of course also the busiest time of year for visitor numbers.
⪢ Accessibility
Stonehenge is generally accessible for people with disabilities, and wheelchairs are available for loan. The paths around Stonehenge are mostly flat and paved, making them accessible for wheelchairs and other mobility devices. There are a few ramps and steps, but they are clearly marked and there are always alternative routes available.
How to get to Wiltshire's Stonehenge
There are several ways to reach Stonehenge, depending on your starting point. Here are some common transportation options:
⪢ By Car
If you have access to a car, driving to Stonehenge is a convenient option. The monument is located near the town of Amesbury in Wiltshire, approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of Salisbury. You can use GPS or follow road signs to reach the Stonehenge Visitor Centre, where abundant parking is available.
⪢ By Train
The nearest train station to Stonehenge is Salisbury. Regular train services operate from London Waterloo station to Salisbury, with a journey time of around 1.5 to 2 hours. From Salisbury, you can take a bus or taxi to Stonehenge. Local buses, such as the Stonehenge Tour bus, operate from Salisbury city centre to the Stonehenge Visitor Center.
⪢ By Bus / Coach
Several tour operators offer organized day trips to Stonehenge from major cities like London, Bath, and Salisbury. These tours often include transportation, guided tours, and entry tickets to Stonehenge, providing a convenient option for those without a car.
In London? Get a Stonehenge Tour direct from the city with Klook
● Uncover the secrets of Stonehenge and learn about its fascinating history and purpose.
● Customize your experience by adding visits to other famous sites like Windsor Castle, Bath, Oxford, or Lacock.
● Choose from various tour options: ticket-only, guided coach tours, small group tours, or private tours.
⪢ Cycling or Walking
For those who enjoy outdoor activities, cycling or walking to Stonehenge can be a rewarding experience. The area surrounding Stonehenge offers scenic routes, and there are cycling and walking paths that connect to the monument. It's advisable to plan your route in advance and ensure you have appropriate maps or navigation tools.
Note: Due to ongoing developments, excavations and changes in transportation options, it's always a good idea to check for the latest information and updates on travel to Stonehenge. The Stonehenge website (see link below map), local transportation websites, or tourist information centers can provide up-to-date details on routes, schedules, and any special arrangements or restrictions.
Address: Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, SP4 7DE, United Kingdom
Phone: +44 370 333 1181
Website: english-heritage.org.uk
UNESCO Site ID: 373
5 other things you can do near Stonehenge
Here are a few other places nearby that you could try, if you want to plan a full day excursion around Stonehenge:
⪢ Visit Salisbury Cathedral
Just a short drive from Stonehenge, Salisbury Cathedral is a magnificent medieval masterpiece. Marvel at its stunning architecture, explore the world's oldest working clock, and view the original Magna Carta.
⪢ Explore Avebury Stone Circle
Venture to the nearby village of Avebury and encounter Europe's largest stone circle. Take a stroll among the massive stones, soak in the mystical atmosphere, and learn about the fascinating history of this Neolithic site.
⪢ Discover Old Sarum
Delve into the past at Old Sarum, an ancient hill fort and settlement that predates even Salisbury. Walk along the ramparts, explore the ruins, and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding countryside.
⪢ Check out ancient Winchester
Head to the historic city of Winchester, just a short distance from Stonehenge. Explore the Winchester Cathedral, tour the medieval Winchester Castle, and learn about the city's rich heritage at the Winchester City Museum.
⪢ Take a scenic drive along Jurassic Coast
Embark on a coastal adventure along the stunning Jurassic Coast, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Marvel at dramatic cliffs, discover charming seaside towns like Lyme Regis, and search for fossils along the scenic beaches.
Our day trip exploring the North Yorkshire Moors – A ride on the Pickering Steam Train to Whitby & Whitby Abbey, England’s Coastal Gem!
Our Stonehenge experience rating
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 5/5
Standing in the presence of these majestic stones, we felt a profound connection to the generations that have come here before us. Stonehenge's enigmatic allure continues to beckon curious minds, inspiring us to unravel the secrets of our past. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a spiritual seeker, or simply a lover of captivating landscapes, a journey to Stonehenge is an experience that will leave an indelible mark on your soul!
Thank you for reading, and please feel free to share your experience, or ask any questions you may have, in the comment section below. All feedback on the post is welcome too!
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